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1.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 42(4): 254-260, oct.-dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634664

ABSTRACT

Se describe un brote de histoplasmosis que afectó a 6 cadetes de la Fuerza Aérea Argentina, sin antecedentes patológicos previos. Todos consultaron por problemas respiratorios después de haber limpiado un hangar. En ese recinto se encontraron abundantes deyecciones de animales, presuntamente de palomas y murciélagos. Los pacientes sufrieron fiebre, mialgias, taquipnea y tos no productiva. Las radiografías y tomografías de tórax mostraron imágenes pulmonares micronodulares, engrosamiento de los tabiques interalveolares y adenopatías hiliares. Todos tuvieron una evolución favorable y no requirieron tratamiento antifúngico. Las pruebas de inmunodifusión y contrainmunoelectroforesis con antígenos de Histoplasma capsulatum fueron positivas, al igual que las intradermorreacciones con histoplasmina. Se recogieron 5 muestras de tierra del lugar, las que fueron inoculadas por vía intraperitoneal a 20 hámsteres. De los cultivos de hígado y bazo de dichos animales se consiguió aislar la fase micelial de H. capsulatum. La cepa aislada se comparó con las obtenidas de 12 pacientes argentinos utilizando perfiles genéticos y se observó un clado único con más de 96% de similitud, lo que confirma la homogeneidad de las cepas argentinas. Si bien la histoplasmosis es endémica en la Pampa húmeda, este es el primer brote totalmente documentado al sur del paralelo 34°.


An histoplasmosis outbreak affecting 6 previously healthy Air Force cadets is herein presented. The patients suffered from fever and respiratory symptoms after having cleaned an abandoned hangar soiled with pigeons and bat droppings. They all presented fever, myalgia, tachypnea, and nonproductive cough. Chest X-ray and CT scan studies showed disseminated reticulonodular images affecting both lungs. Hiliar adenomegalies were also observed. All patients achieved a favourable outcome without antifungal treatment. Both serologic tests searching for specificic antibodies (immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis) and histoplasmin skin tests were positive in all cases. Five soil samples mixed with pigeons and bat droppings were collected from the hangar. Suspensions of these samples were inoculated into 20 hamsters by intraperitoneal injection; mycelial phase of H. capsulatum was isolated from liver and spleen cultures. The genetic profile of this strain was compared with 12 isolates obtained from Argentinean patients, and a great degree of homogeneity was observed (> 96% similarity). Although histoplasmosis is endemic in the wet Pampas, this is the first epidemic outbreak reported south of the 34th parallel.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Cricetinae , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Disease Outbreaks , Histoplasmosis/epidemiology , Military Personnel , Argentina/epidemiology , Chiroptera/microbiology , Columbidae/microbiology , DNA, Fungal/analysis , Feathers/microbiology , Feces/microbiology , Histoplasma/classification , Histoplasma/genetics , Histoplasma/growth & development , Histoplasma/isolation & purification , Histoplasmin , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Histoplasmosis/transmission , Mesocricetus , Occupational Exposure , Skin Tests
2.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 36(3): 113-117, jul.-sep. 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634467

ABSTRACT

Se presentan los datos clínicos de 22 pacientes con criptococosis asociada al VIH que interrumpieron la profilaxis antifúngica secundaria, después de haber recibido la terapéutica antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA). Fueron 14 varones y 8 mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y los 50 años (X: 34 años). Todos presentaron un síndrome infeccioso general grave y 19 tuvieron meningoencefalitis. En el momento del diagnóstico 59% de los enfermos tenía recuentos de células CD4+ < 50/µL,la mediana de lascargas viralesfue de 134. 804 copias ARN/ml yla mediana de los títulosde antigenemiafue de 1/3.000. El tratamiento del episodio agudo se realizó con anfotericina B por vía venosa (0,7 mg/kg/día) o fluconazol(600 a 800 mg/día), hasta la negativización de los cultivos de LCR. La profilaxis secundaria consistió en la administración oral de 200 mg diarios de fluconazoló 2 dosis semanalesde 50 mg de anfotericina B. La profilaxis secundaria antifúngica fue interrumpida cuando los enfermos habían recibido la TARGA por un lapso medio 19 meses, la mediana de los recuentos de células CD4+ fue de 249/µl. Todos estaban asintomáticos y en buen esta-do general. El lapso medio de seguimiento posterior fue de 22 meses y ningún enfermo experimentó recidivas desu micosis.


The clinical and laboratory data of 22 patients with AIDS related cryptococcosis who were able to interrupt antifungal secondary prophylaxis afterHAART administration, are presented. They were 14 males and 8 females, between 15 and 50years old (X: 34 years old). All patients presented fever andsevere deterioration of their general health status, and 19 exhibited a meningeal syndrome. At the start of antifungal treatment, 59% of the cases presented < 50 CD4+ cells/µl, the median viral burden was 134,804 RNA copies/ml and the median titer ofserum cryptococcal antigen was 1/3,000. Amphotericin B by intravenous route, (0.7 mg/kg/day) or fluconazole (600 to 800 mg/day) were given as a treatment of the initial episode, up to CSF cultures negativization. Oral fluconazole (200 mg/day) or intravenous amphotericin B, 50 mg twice a week, were given as a secondary prophylaxis. The secondary prophylaxis was interrupted when the patients had received HAART for an average lapse of 19 months (6 to 36 months) and the medianCD4+ cells counts was 249/µl. The follow up after secondary prophylaxis discontinuation lasted for a median lapse of 22 months. These data seem to show that secondary prophylaxisis not necessary when the patient are clinically asymptomatic and the CD4+ cells counts are above 150/µl.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Cryptococcosis/prevention & control , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Amphotericin B/administration & dosage , Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage , Cryptococcosis/drug therapy , Fluconazole/administration & dosage , Immunocompetence , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/drug therapy , Recurrence/prevention & control , Viral Load , Withholding Treatment
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 37(5): 385-9, set.-out. 1995. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-165504

ABSTRACT

Fueron examinadas las muestras de suero de 242 personas, HIV positivas, para determinar la presencia de antigeno capsular del C. neoformans, 193 de estos pacientes tenian recuentos de celulas CD4+inferiores a los 300/µl y 49 pacientes presentaron recientos superiores a este limite. Ninguno de los enfermos tenia sintomatologia que hiciese sospechar criptococosis. El antigeno capsular del C. neoformans fue determinado por uma tecnica de aglutinacion de particulas de latex previo tratamiento con pronasa (IMM, latex-Crypto antigen detection system, Immunomycologics, Oh, USA) y 61 por cento de las muestras fueron tambien examinadas mediante la tecnica de ELISA (Premier, Cryptococcal Antigen, Medirian Diagnostic INC, Cincinatti, OH, USA).


Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens/immunology , Cryptococcosis/diagnosis , Polysaccharides/immunology , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolation & purification , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , HIV Infections/etiology , HIV Infections/blood , Latex Fixation Tests/methods
4.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 35(2): 163-169, Mar.-Apr. 1993.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-320573

ABSTRACT

One hundred and seventeen patients suffering systemic mycosis and AIDS were studied during 5 years in the Muñiz Hospital of Buenos Aires City. Seventy four of them presented cryptococcosis, 39 histoplasmosis and 4 both mycoses. The following specimens were studied for the diagnosis: skin and mucous membrane scrapings, bone marrow aspirations, bronchial secretions, biopsies of different organs, cerebral spinal fluid and blood cultures. Sera were also collected for serologic tests. A total of 203 samples from patients with histoplasmosis were studied, 46.3 of them showed H. capsulatum in microscopic examinations or in cultures, skin scraping was the most sensitive diagnostic method (94.7 of positive results), followed by biopsies (80) and bone marrow cultures (42.1). Specific antibodies were detected in 45.4 of the patients with histoplasmosis, using 2 different antigens and 3 types of serologic reactions (complement fixation test, immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis). A total of 413 samples from patients with cryptococcosis were examined, 69 of them confirmed the diagnosis. The mycologic study of CSF was the most sensitive method of study, since it registered positive results in 89.5, followed by blood cultures (61.2), skin scrapings (42.9), and urine cultures (41.7). Polysaccharyde antigens from C. neoformans in organic fluids were detected in almost all the cases. The aim of this study is to compare all the suitable diagnostic methods which can be used in systemic mycosis associated with AIDS in order to find the most rapid way of diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cryptococcosis , Histoplasmosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Sensitivity and Specificity
5.
Rev. argent. micol ; 16(2): 26-34, 1993. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-129866

ABSTRACT

Se presenta una paciente de 21 años de edad con inmunodeficiencia primaria que había padecido en la infancia una candidiasis mucocutánea crónica y que, a partir de los 11 años, sufrió una infección de cuero cabelludo por M. canis. En el momento de ser examinada presentaba una microsporia extensa que abarcaba cuero cabelludo, cabeza, cuello, extremidades superiores y tronco hasta la cintura. Estas lesiones inusualmente extensas exhibían zonas hiperqueratósicas de aspecto vegetante. Al mismo tiempo se comprobó candidiasis bucofaríngea y vaginal. Se instituyó inicialmente un tratamiento combinado de griseofulvina y fluconazol que debió ser interrumpido por intolerancia gástrica y escasa mejoría clínica. en segunda instancia fue medicada con itraconazol a razón de 300 mg/día durante 4 meses y luego series de este mismo antifúngido de 100 y 200 mg diarios con excelente resultado terapéutico y buena tolerancia


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Dermatomycoses/immunology , Immunity, Cellular/immunology , Microsporum/pathogenicity , Opportunistic Infections/etiology , Tinea Capitis/etiology , Tinea/etiology , Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage , Dermatomycoses/complications , Dermatomycoses/drug therapy , Fluconazole/administration & dosage , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , Griseofulvin/administration & dosage , Griseofulvin/therapeutic use , Microsporum/drug effects , Microsporum/isolation & purification , Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Tinea Capitis/diagnosis , Tinea Capitis/drug therapy , Tinea/complications , Tinea/drug therapy
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